The origin of dwarf varieties is Southeast Asia, which contain the tall cultivars that are genetically closest to dwarf coconuts. These provide substantial circumstantial evidence that deliberate Austronesian voyagers were involved in carrying coconuts across the Pacific Ocean and that they could not have dispersed worldwide without human agency. It is governed by a single recessive gene (there are studies to this effect) and . [76], Coconut palms are normally cultivated in hot and wet tropical climates. Some seasonal variation is tolerated, with good growth where mean summer temperatures are between 28 and 37C (82 and 99F), and survival as long as winter temperatures are above 412C (3954F); they will survive brief drops to 0C (32F). [116], It is one of the most useful trees in the world.[16]. Fancy utensil can be prepare from shell. Many of the smallest coral islands in the Florida Keys are known to have abundant coconut palms sprouting from coconuts that have drifted or been deposited by ocean currents. PT. In Johann Vollmann and Istvan Rajcan (Eds.). Coconut water serves as a suspension for the endosperm of the coconut during its nuclear phase of development. Scientific studies have found it effective for treating enlarged prostate and improving serum cholesterol. Half coconut shells are used in theatre Foley sound effects work, struck together to create the sound effect of a horse's hoofbeats. The word Narali is derived from naral implying "coconut" in Marathi. Especially immature coconuts (6 to 8 months from flowering) sold for coconut water and softer jelly-like coconut meat (known as "green coconuts", "young coconuts", or "water coconuts"), where the original coloration of the fruit is more aesthetically pleasing. The fresh kernel includes moisture 45% protein, 4%, fat 37%, minerals 4% and carbohydrates 10%. ", "Coconut anaphylaxis: Case report and review", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide (6. The ancient coconut groves of Dhofar were mentioned by the medieval Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta in his writings, known as Al Rihla. Add an answer. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. Hair loss is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, and it is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Conclusion A high source of important vitamins and minerals, as well as high in fibre, fruits are an excellent food choice. It is cultivated by about 11 million farmers on 12 million hectares; 80% of total production comes from Asia (Adkins et al., 2006). (eds.). In the Philippines, the coconut is commonly called the "tree of life". These varieties were selected for slower growth, sweeter coconut water, and often brightly-colored fruits. [179] In the story of Sina and the Eel, the origin of the coconut is related as the beautiful woman Sina burying an eel, which eventually became the first coconut. The natural planting, harvesting, and processing of coconuts along with its tropical climate makes for perfect growth conditions of this tropical delicacy. [120] They can also be determined traditionally by tapping on the coconut fruit. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). Since then, numerous other fossils of similar fruits were recovered throughout New Zealand from the Eocene, Oligocene, and possibly the Holocene. Female flower Bracteate, ebracteolate, sessile, pistillate, incomplete, trimerous, actinomorphic and hypogynous. The coconut has cultural and religious significance in certain societies, particularly in the Western Pacific Austronesian cultures where it features in their mythologies, songs, and oral traditions. Coconuts take 12 months to fully mature and ripen. Coconut palms grow in the wet tropical and subtropical coastal Indian and Pacific ocean regions. [45] They are now almost ubiquitous between 26N and 26S except for the interiors of Africa and South America. [18][49] However, they may have also been partially selected for thicker husks for coir production, which was also important in Austronesian material culture as a source for cordage in building houses and boats. However, both James Cook and William Bligh[69] (put adrift after the Bounty mutiny) found no sign of the nuts along this 2,000km (1,200mi) stretch when he needed water for his crew. The distribution of the Pacific coconuts correspond to the regions settled by Austronesian voyagers indicating that its spread was largely the result of human introductions. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. The terminology is derived from the Tagalog language. It is predominantly used in the bakery and confectionary industries (especially in non-coconut-producing countries) because of its longer shelf life compared to freshly grated coconut. The white flesh of a coconut can be used in lots of different ways. [173] In the foothills of the temple town of Palani, before going to worship Murugan for the Ganesha, coconuts are broken at a place marked for the purpose. [4], The niu vai form is the domesticated form dominant in the Pacific coconuts. Hearts of palm are eaten in salads, sometimes called "millionaire's salad". The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosperm so that it remains soft and this has become the characteristic of the nut. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber, called coir, which has many traditional and commercial uses. Food Industry Coconut is known as a common ingredient in food processing. Virgin coconut oil is predicted to experience high demand from consumers with higher health consciousness and as well as aging population. Although it shares similar characteristics to dwarf coconuts (including slow growth), it is genetically distinct and is thus believed to be independently domesticated, likely in Tonga. [20], The evolutionary history and fossil distribution of Cocos nucifera and other members of the tribe Cocoseae is more ambiguous than modern-day dispersal and distribution, with its ultimate origin and pre-human dispersal still unclear. In fact, the toning property of coconut helps in preventing acne by minimizing the pores of the skin, leaving it glowing. What are 10 uses for a coconut? Palm. This is in line with our tagline, Office : Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of the medium-chain fatty acids in coconut oil could also help reduce acne. The edible white, fleshy part of the seed (the endosperm) is known as the "coconut meat", "coconut flesh", or "coconut kernel. [158], In World War II, coastwatcher scout Biuku Gasa was the first of two from the Solomon Islands to reach the shipwrecked and wounded crew of Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 commanded by future U.S. president John F. Kennedy. Australian cities put much effort into de-fruiting decorative coconut trees to ensure that the mature coconuts do not fall and injure people. [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is the sole species of the genus Cocos belonging to the subfamily Cocoideae which includes 27 genera and 600 species.It is a diploid with 32 chromosomes (2n=32), guma', Therefore, as well as dwarf cultivars, Slightly nutty odor, tender coconut, coconut oil and processed . The milk or cream obtained by squeezing the granted kernel diluteded in water is sued in many preparations. Predominantly, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, . Nevin KG. Economic importance The palms with the greatest importance in world commerce are the coconut and the African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ); both are prime sources of vegetable oil and fat. In Sanskrit, it is kalpa vriksha ("the tree which provides all the necessities of life"). Improves hair health: Eating or applying coconut oil in your hair stimulates hair growth, prevents hair breakage and split ends. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. They are also used as a garnish for various dishes, as in klepon and puto bumbong. It supplies food, drink and shelter and also supplies raw material to number of industries intimately connected with domestic as well as economic life. 2022 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. [131][86], Coconut milk powder, a protein-rich powder can be processed from coconut milk following centrifugation, separation, and spray drying. Few plants are as versatile as the coconut. The study contended that an adaptation to coral atolls would explain the prehistoric and modern distributions of Cocos, would have provided the necessary evolutionary pressures, and would account for morphological factors such as a thick husk to protect against ocean degradation and provide a moist medium in which to germinate on sparse atolls. They need annual rainfall of at least 120cm, temperatures from 70 to 86 degrees Fahrenheit and sandy, slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the market's oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. [181], Literary evidence from the Ramayana and Sri Lankan chronicles indicates that the coconut was present in the Indian subcontinent before the 1st centuryBCE. They grow best near sea level, within 15 degrees of the Equator. [104], In Goa, the coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (rather than a tree), enabling farmers and developers to clear land with fewer restrictions and without needing permission from the forest department before cutting a coconut tree.[105][106]. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." [26][27] The vast majority of Cocos-like fossils have been recovered generally from only two regions in the world: New Zealand and west-central India. The coconut sector in the past has been dominated by products, copra and coconut oil, and the international coconut trade used to be driven by the demand for . The decoration of foots is astringent and is used as mouth was and gargle. The inner posterior tepal is completely outside. This accompanies the palagip (prayer to the dead). Reduces inflammation. The leaves also provide material for baskets that can draw well water and for roofing thatch; they can be woven into mats, cooking skewers, and kindling arrows as well. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports the top producers are the Philippines, Indonesia, Brazil, and India. Miami is the only city outside of Greenwich, Connecticut, where the organization hosts an event. 2017-08-20 10:24:51. What is the economic importance of coconut? Updates? PETA later clarified that the use of macaques is not practiced in the Philippines, India, Brazil, Colombia, Hawaii, and other major coconut-producing regions. What Are the Major Regions of Manufacturing Lisa Smith has been an editor and writer since 1991. Mature coconuts are ovoid or ellipsoid in shape, 3045 cm (1218 inches) in length and 1520 cm (68 inches) in diameter. In Thailand, the coconut husk is used as a potting medium to produce healthy forest tree saplings. economic importance of coconut. It is still the largest producer of coconut oil and copra, accounting for 64% of the global production. In 2020, world production of coconuts was 62 million tonnes, led by Indonesia, India, and the Philippines, with 75% combined of the total (table). The importance of the coconut in Austronesian cultures is evidenced by shared terminology of even very specific parts and uses of coconuts, which were carried outwards from the Philippines during the Austronesian migrations. (2006). [90], A system of bamboo bridges and ladders directly connecting the tree canopies are also utilized in the Philippines for coconut plantations that harvest coconut sap (not fruits) for coconut vinegar and palm wine production. Production is based in Southern Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and southern Africa; Asia accounts for 84 percent. [84] Modern methods use hydraulic elevators mounted on tractors or ladders. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. Saturated fats can easily filter and re-circulate molecules to facilitate absorption by liver. They eventually form the edible solid endosperm (the "coconut meat" or "coconut flesh") which hardens over time. Coconut oil is one of nine internationally traded vegetable oils and ranks eighth in global production. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). [45], Modern genetic studies have identified the center of origin of coconuts as being the Central Indo-Pacific, the region between western Southeast Asia and Melanesia, where it shows greatest genetic diversity. As per 201415 statistics from Coconut Development Board of Government of India, four southern states combined account for almost 90% of the total production in the country: Tamil Nadu (33.8%), Karnataka (25.2%), Kerala (24.0%), and Andhra Pradesh (7.2%). (2009), assigned it to Cocos based on the size and the ridged shape of the fruit. Coconut cultivation spans about 402 649 ha which accounts for 21 per cent of agricultural lands in the country. Dried half shells are used as the bodies of musical instruments, including the Chinese yehu and banhu, along with the Vietnamese n go and Arabo-Turkic rebab. He consulted the catalogue Herbarium Amboinense by Georg Eberhard Rumphius where Rumphius said that coccus was a homonym of coccum and coccus from Greek kokkos meaning "grain"[41] or "berry", but Romans identified coccus with "kermes insects"; Rumphius preferred the word cocus as a replacement. After the first six to nine years, the coconut palm bears fruit, producing roughly 50 fruits per tree per year, up to 300. In addition, fossils of potential Cocos ancestors have been recovered from both Colombia and India. [97], The Philippines is the world's second-largest producer of coconuts. The coconut is also a popular ingredient in many types of cuisine, including Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Caribbean dishes. Besides the edible kernels and the drink obtained from green nuts, the harvested coconut also yields copra, the dried extracted kernel, or meat, from which coconut oil, a major vegetable oil, is expressed. However, to exploit these opportunities there must be synergy created among private sector, public sector, research, technical actors and alignment of resources, objectives and targets," Mr Ferretti had remarked in his roadmap presentation. The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos. The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people. In Cambodia, the roots are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for dysentery. The coconut palm is one of the most beautiful and useful trees in the world, grown in more than 80 countries of the tropical. Source of Raw Material for the Agro-Based Industries In the agro-based industry, fruit growing offers the raw materials for canning and preserving products, among other things fresh fruits. [12], Botanically, the coconut fruit is a drupe, not a true nut.